Upright or vertical engine



(No Model) P. A. N. WINAND. UPRIGHT 0R VERTICAL ENGINE.

No. 583,962. Patented June 8, 1897.

36 Mii s l UNITED STATES PATENT Enron.

PAUL A. N. IVINAND, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

UPRIGHT OR VERTICAL ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 583,962, dated June 8, 1897.

A Application led January 13, 1896. Serial No. 575,365. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom t may concern..-

Be it known that I, PAUL A. N. WINAND, a subject of the King of Belgium, and a resident of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Upright or Vertical Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of engines in which the cylinder is placed above the crank, and is designed more especially for internal-combustion engines.

The object of the invention is to facilitate and improve the lubrication of the cylinder and piston.

In engines in which the cylinder is above the crank it is not always desirable or permissible to introduce the lubricant above the piston, and in internal-combustion engines it is generally not permissible to do so. It is difficult to distribute the lubricant over the entire working surface, and most of the lubricant flows down beyond the stroke of the piston and fails to properly perform its function.

The distinguishing characteristic of my invention is that the oil grooves or pockets in the interior surface of the cylinder or in the exterior surface of the piston, or both, are Countersunk in their lower parts, thus forming receptacles in which the oil will be held irrespective of the closure of the groove by the wall of the cylinder or piston, respectively.

In the accompanying drawings, which show avertical nternal-combustion engine, Figure l is a vertical sectional view; Fig. 2, an enlarged' transverse section therethrough on the line 2 2; Fig. 3, an enlarged detail section showing the oilgroove in either the cylinder or piston Fig. e, a vertical sectional View showing an arrangement somewhat different from that illustrated in Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 a transverse section therethrough on the line 5 5.

The general construction comprising the cylinder, piston, crank-shaft, and frame is common and well known, and detailed reference thereto is unnecessary.

An oil-cup A on the exterior of the cylinder communicates by a passage a with an oilgroove B in the face of the cylinder, preferably at a point below the upper face of the piston when the latter is in its lowest position. This groove is countersunk below its lower edge at the cylinder-surface, as plainly indicated in Fig. 3, which shows equally well the shape of. all the grooves in the cylinder and piston. Alike groove B', Fig. i, is formed in the cylinder' below the groove B, and like grooves C C may be formed in the piston, as shown in this iigure. In Figs. 4 and 5 the cylinder has no oiling-grooves, but the piston has two, C C', as in Fig. l, and the lower one communicates by passages o, respectively leading from the bottom of the groove to cups c' on the inner side of the hollow piston-head D. Instead of cups c an annular cup might be formed around the inner wall of the piston-head. In this respect both constructions are old. The crank works in an oil-chamber E in the base of the engine, and oil splashed or thrown up by the crank is caught in the cups o and passes thence to the groove C'.

My invention contemplates that oil-grooves having the characteristic formation described shall be formed in the cylinder alone, in the y piston while the latter is moving downward.

The grooves in Vthe piston will take up oil from the cylinder-surface and from the grooves therein as the piston moves upward. When the' piston is in the lower half of its stroke, the force of inertia due to the reciprocating motion is directed downward and supplements gravity action;thus keeping the oil in the countersunk portions of the grooves in the piston. During the upper half of the stroke the force of inertia is directed upward, and as it will exceed the force of gravity in the ordinary running ofthe engine the oil is thrown upward and outward against the surface of the cylinder. The oil is thus to a certain extent transferred upward from the lower to the upper surface of the cylinder and to a considerable extent counteracts the gravity tendency of the oil to move downward and insures a more perfect lubrication.

In the construction shown in Fig. i the oil ICO Vin' the oups o and that enters the groove C' Vis thus thrown upwardly', and during the strokes'of the'pist'onfparteiY Vit is Caught byV and retained in the 'groove C.

If the cylinder be not e'xztotly Vertienhhnt more yor less inclined from the Vertical line, the saine operation 'will take plztee,the grooves in the cylinder and piston still being made toV some extent of the Vehztrneteristie formation described. Y

I claim as my invention- Y 1. The eonibinzttionof an upright cylinder and piston, one of which has formed in its Vface an annular oil groove'or pocket Countersnnkthroughont its lower part to'form zt re-Y eeptaole to retain the lubricant, substantially Vas set forth. 1 Y

2. An upright engine provided with an nnnnlar oil groove or pocket eonntersunk throughout its lowerpztrt to foi-1n n recepteele to retain the lubricant for lubricating the Vcylinder and piston.

The combination of tnnpright cylinder with a. piston having formed in its fece one Vor more annuler oil grooves or pockets conntersunk throughout :the lower part Vthereof to form e receptacle to retain the lubricant, su bstantially as set forth.

4. The combination ofi the cylinder, the Crank placed below the Cylinder, an oil-ohnmber in which the @rank Works, a pistonV and t rod connecting the piston and crank, oil-oups on the interior face of the hollow piston-head.

and an oil groove or pocket in the exterior enr-fece of the'piston Communicating there-V with, such groove orpoeket being` countersunk in its lower part to forni a receptacle to retain the lubricant, substantially as set forth.

Vlnrtestirnony whereof l have hereunto sn osorib'ed my naine.

PAULA. NQWINAND.

.XVitnessesz Y Y R. S.`Rnnn, ISAIAH YlllfrLLAoK, 

